Skip to main content
The Journal of Experimental Medicine logoLink to The Journal of Experimental Medicine
. 1982 Mar 1;155(3):914–923. doi: 10.1084/jem.155.3.914

Identification of a T cell-derived b cell growth factor distinct from interleukin 2

PMCID: PMC2186613  PMID: 6977612

Abstract

We report here a factor (B cell growth factor) found in induced supernatants of the mouse thymoma EL4 that co-stimulates with anti-IgM antibodies in short-term cultures of purified B lymphocytes to induce polyclonal B cell proliferation but not antibody-forming cell production. The factor is not mitogenic for resting B cells and interacts with anti-IgM-activated B cells in a non-H-2-restricted manner. Absorption studies and molecular weight analysis reveal the factor is distinct from interleukin 2. This factor synergises with antigen, interleukin 2, and an interleukin 2-free, B cell growth factor- free T cell supernatant that contains T cell-replacing factor to produce erythrocyte-specific plaque-forming cells in cultures of highly purified B cells.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (642.7 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anderson J., Melchers F. T cell-dependent activation of resting B cells: requirement for both nonspecific unrestricted and antigen-specific Ia-restricted soluble factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Apr;78(4):2497–2501. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.4.2497. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Andersson J., Grönvik K. O., Larsson E. L., Coutinho A. Studies on T lymphocyte activation. I. Requirements for the mitogen-dependent production of T cell growth factors. Eur J Immunol. 1979 Aug;9(8):581–587. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830090802. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chen D. M., Di Sabato G. Further studies on the thymocyte stimulating factor. Cell Immunol. 1976 Mar 15;22(2):211–224. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(76)90024-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Farrar J. J., Fuller-Farrar J., Simon P. L., Hilfiker M. L., Stadler B. M., Farrar W. L. Thymoma production of T cell growth factor (Interleukin 2). J Immunol. 1980 Dec;125(6):2555–2558. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Farrar J. J., Simon P. L., Koopman W. J., Fuller-Bonar J. Biochemical relationship of thymocyte mitogenic factor and factors enhancing humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. J Immunol. 1978 Oct;121(4):1353–1360. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Fuller-Farrar J., Hilfiker M. L., Farrar W. L., Farrar J. J. Phorbol myristic acetate enhances the production of interleukin 2. Cell Immunol. 1981 Feb;58(1):156–164. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(81)90157-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Gillis S., Mizel S. B. T-Cell lymphoma model for the analysis of interleukin 1-mediated T-cell activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Feb;78(2):1133–1137. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.2.1133. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hapel A. J., Lee J. C., Farrar W. L., Ihle J. N. Establishment of continuous cultures of thy1.2+, Lyt1+, 2-T cells with purified interleukin 3. Cell. 1981 Jul;25(1):179–186. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90242-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Howard M., Kessler S., Chused T., Paul W. E. Long-term culture of normal mouse B lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Sep;78(9):5788–5792. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.9.5788. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kimoto M., Fathman C. G. Antigen-reactive T cell clones. I. Transcomplementing hybrid I-A-region gene products function effectively in antigen presentation. J Exp Med. 1980 Oct 1;152(4):759–770. doi: 10.1084/jem.152.4.759. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Lachman L. B., Hacker M. P., Blyden G. T., Handschumacher R. E. Preparation of lymphocyte-activating factor from continuous murine macrophage cell lines. Cell Immunol. 1977 Dec;34(2):416–419. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(77)90263-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Lafferty K. J., Warren H. S., Woolnough J. A., Talmage D. W. Immunological induction of T lymphocytes: role of antigen and the lymphocyte costimulator. Blood Cells. 1978;4(3):395–406. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Larsson E. L., Coutinho A. The role of mitogenic lectins in T-cell triggering. Nature. 1979 Jul 19;280(5719):239–241. doi: 10.1038/280239a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Leibson H. J., Marrack P., Kappler J. W. B cell helper factors. I. Requirement for both interleukin 2 and another 40,000 mol wt factor. J Exp Med. 1981 Nov 1;154(5):1681–1693. doi: 10.1084/jem.154.5.1681. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Ly I. A., Mishell R. I. Separation of mouse spleen cells by passage through columns of sephadex G-10. J Immunol Methods. 1974 Aug;5(3):239–247. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(74)90108-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Nicola N. A., Burgess A. W., Metcalf D. Similar molecular properties of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors produced by different mouse organs in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem. 1979 Jun 25;254(12):5290–5299. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Parker D. C. Induction and suppression of polyclonal antibody responses by anti-Ig reagents and antigen-nonspecific helper factors: a comparison of the effects of anti-Fab, anti-IgM, and anti IgD on murine B cells. Immunol Rev. 1980;52:115–139. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1980.tb00333.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Parker D. C. Stimulation of mouse lymphocytes by insoluble anti-mouse immunoglobulin. Nature. 1975 Nov 27;258(5533):361–363. doi: 10.1038/258361a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Shaw J., Monticone V., Mills G., Paetkau V. Effects of costimulator on immune responses in vitro. J Immunol. 1978 Jun;120(6):1974–1980. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Sieckmann D. G., Asofsky R., Mosier D. E., Zitron I. M., Paul W. E. Activation of mouse lymphocytes by anti-immunoglobulin. I. Parameters of the proliferative response. J Exp Med. 1978 Mar 1;147(3):814–829. doi: 10.1084/jem.147.3.814. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Singer A., Morrissey P. J., Hathcock K. S., Ahmed A., Scher I., Hodes R. J. Role of the major histocompatibility complex in T cell activation of B cell subpopulations Lyb-5+ and Lyb-5- B cell subpopulations differ in their requirement for major histocompatibility complex-restricted T cell recognition. J Exp Med. 1981 Aug 1;154(2):501–516. doi: 10.1084/jem.154.2.501. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Swain S. L., Dennert G., Warner J. F., Dutton R. W. Culture supernatants of a stimulated T-cell line have helper activity that acts synergistically with interleukin 2 in the response of B cells to antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Apr;78(4):2517–2521. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.4.2517. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Takatsu K., Tanaka K., Tominaga A., Kumahara Y., Hamaoka T. Antigen-induced T cell-replacing factor (TRF). III. Establishment of T cell hybrid clone continuously producing TRF and functional analysis of released TRF. J Immunol. 1980 Dec;125(6):2646–2653. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Watson J., Gillis S., Marbrook J., Mochizuki D., Smith K. A. Biochemical and biological characterization of lymphocyte regulatory molecules. I. Purification of a class of murine lymphokines. J Exp Med. 1979 Oct 1;150(4):849–861. doi: 10.1084/jem.150.4.849. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Experimental Medicine are provided here courtesy of The Rockefeller University Press

RESOURCES