Skip to main content
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1985 Dec;82(23):7894–7898. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.23.7894

Lysine residue 121 in the proposed ATP-binding site of the v-mos protein is required for transformation.

M Hannink, D J Donoghue
PMCID: PMC390876  PMID: 2999782

Abstract

The transforming gene product encoded by Moloney murine sarcoma virus clone 124, p37mos, contains a lysine residue (lysine-121) that is conserved among all members of the protein kinase family. This lysine has been shown to be part of a conserved ATP-binding site in both the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase and p60v-src. We wished to determine whether this lysine is required for the transforming activity of p37mos. Two site-specific mutations were therefore constructed, which result in the substitution of an aspartic acid or arginine codon in place of the codon for lysine-121. Both mutations abolished the ability of the mos gene to transform cells. These results show that lysine-121 is required for the ability of p37mos to transform cells and provide evidence for an ATP-binding site in p37mos. Furthermore, these results suggest that the conserved lysine residue is specifically involved in the catalytic activity of protein kinases in general.

Full text

PDF
7894

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Andersson P., Goldfarb M. P., Weinberg R. A. A defined subgenomic fragment of in vitro synthesized Moloney sarcoma virus DNA can induce cell transformation upon transfection. Cell. 1979 Jan;16(1):63–75. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90188-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Barker W. C., Dayhoff M. O. Viral src gene products are related to the catalytic chain of mammalian cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 May;79(9):2836–2839. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.9.2836. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Donoghue D. J. Demonstration of biological activity and nucleotide sequence of an in vitro synthesized clone of the Moloney murine sarcoma virus mos gene. J Virol. 1982 May;42(2):538–546. doi: 10.1128/jvi.42.2.538-546.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Donoghue D. J., Hunter T. Recombinational junctions of variants of Moloney murine sarcoma virus: generation and divergence of a mammalian transforming gene. J Virol. 1983 Feb;45(2):607–617. doi: 10.1128/jvi.45.2.607-617.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Donoghue D. J., Sharp P. A., Weinberg R. A. Comparative study of different isolates of murine sarcoma virus. J Virol. 1979 Dec;32(3):1015–1027. doi: 10.1128/jvi.32.3.1015-1027.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Frankel A. E., Fischinger P. J. Nucleotide sequences in mouse DNA and RNA specific for Moloney sarcoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Oct;73(10):3705–3709. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.10.3705. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Gluzman Y. SV40-transformed simian cells support the replication of early SV40 mutants. Cell. 1981 Jan;23(1):175–182. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90282-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Graham F. L., van der Eb A. J. A new technique for the assay of infectivity of human adenovirus 5 DNA. Virology. 1973 Apr;52(2):456–467. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90341-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Grunstein M., Hogness D. S. Colony hybridization: a method for the isolation of cloned DNAs that contain a specific gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Oct;72(10):3961–3965. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.10.3961. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hampe A., Gobet M., Sherr C. J., Galibert F. Nucleotide sequence of the feline retroviral oncogene v-fms shows unexpected homology with oncogenes encoding tyrosine-specific protein kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jan;81(1):85–89. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.1.85. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hannink M., Donoghue D. J. Requirement for a signal sequence in biological expression of the v-sis oncogene. Science. 1984 Dec 7;226(4679):1197–1199. doi: 10.1126/science.6095451. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hoffmann J. W., Steffen D., Gusella J., Tabin C., Bird S., Cowing D., Weinberg R. A. DNA methylation affecting the expression of murine leukemia proviruses. J Virol. 1982 Oct;44(1):144–157. doi: 10.1128/jvi.44.1.144-157.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hu S., Davidson N. A heteroduplex study of the sequence relationships between the RNAs of M-MSV and M-MLV. Cell. 1977 Mar;10(3):469–477. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90034-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Huebner R. J., Hartley J. W., Rowe W. P., Lane W. T., Capps W. I. Rescue of the defective genome of Moloney sarcoma virus from a noninfectious hamster tumor and the production of pseudotype sarcoma viruses with various murine leukemia viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1966 Oct;56(4):1164–1169. doi: 10.1073/pnas.56.4.1164. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kamps M. P., Taylor S. S., Sefton B. M. Direct evidence that oncogenic tyrosine kinases and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase have homologous ATP-binding sites. Nature. 1984 Aug 16;310(5978):589–592. doi: 10.1038/310589a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kan N. C., Flordellis C. S., Mark G. E., Duesberg P. H., Papas T. S. A common onc gene sequence transduced by avian carcinoma virus MH2 and by murine sarcoma virus 3611. Science. 1984 Feb 24;223(4638):813–816. doi: 10.1126/science.6320371. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kitamura N., Kitamura A., Toyoshima K., Hirayama Y., Yoshida M. Avian sarcoma virus Y73 genome sequence and structural similarity of its transforming gene product to that of Rous sarcoma virus. Nature. 1982 May 20;297(5863):205–208. doi: 10.1038/297205a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Lörincz A. T., Reed S. I. Primary structure homology between the product of yeast cell division control gene CDC28 and vertebrate oncogenes. Nature. 1984 Jan 12;307(5947):183–185. doi: 10.1038/307183a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Maxwell S. A., Arlinghaus R. B. Serine kinase activity associated with Maloney murine sarcoma virus-124-encoded p37mos. Virology. 1985 May;143(1):321–333. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(85)90119-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Moloney J. B. A virus-induced rhabdomyosarcoma of mice. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1966 Sep;22:139–142. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Naharro G., Robbins K. C., Reddy E. P. Gene product of v-fgr onc: hybrid protein containing a portion of actin and a tyrosine-specific protein kinase. Science. 1984 Jan 6;223(4631):63–66. doi: 10.1126/science.6318314. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Neckameyer W. S., Wang L. H. Nucleotide sequence of avian sarcoma virus UR2 and comparison of its transforming gene with other members of the tyrosine protein kinase oncogene family. J Virol. 1985 Mar;53(3):879–884. doi: 10.1128/jvi.53.3.879-884.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Papkoff J., Hunter T., Beemon K. In vitro translation of virion RNA from Moloney murine sarcoma virus. Virology. 1980 Feb;101(1):91–103. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90486-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Papkoff J., Lai M. H., Hunter T., Verma I. M. Analysis of transforming gene products from Moloney murine sarcoma virus. Cell. 1981 Nov;27(1 Pt 2):109–119. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90365-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Papkoff J., Nigg E. A., Hunter T. The transforming protein of Moloney murine sarcoma virus is a soluble cytoplasmic protein. Cell. 1983 May;33(1):161–172. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90345-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Papkoff J., Verma I. M., Hunter T. Detection of a transforming gene product in cells transformed by Moloney murine sarcoma virus. Cell. 1982 Jun;29(2):417–426. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90158-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Reddy E. P., Smith M. J., Srinivasan A. Nucleotide sequence of Abelson murine leukemia virus genome: structural similarity of its transforming gene product to other onc gene products with tyrosine-specific kinase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jun;80(12):3623–3627. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.12.3623. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Reimann E. M., Titani K., Ericsson L. H., Wade R. D., Fischer E. H., Walsh K. A. Homology of the gamma subunit of phosphorylase b kinase with cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Biochemistry. 1984 Aug 28;23(18):4185–4192. doi: 10.1021/bi00313a027. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Schwartz D. E., Tizard R., Gilbert W. Nucleotide sequence of Rous sarcoma virus. Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):853–869. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90071-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Seth A., Vande Woude G. F. Nucleotide sequence and biochemical activities of the Moloney murine sarcoma virus strain HT-1 mos gene. J Virol. 1985 Oct;56(1):144–152. doi: 10.1128/jvi.56.1.144-152.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Shibuya M., Hanafusa H. Nucleotide sequence of Fujinami sarcoma virus: evolutionary relationship of its transforming gene with transforming genes of other sarcoma viruses. Cell. 1982 Oct;30(3):787–795. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90283-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Shoji S., Parmelee D. C., Wade R. D., Kumar S., Ericsson L. H., Walsh K. A., Neurath H., Long G. L., Demaille J. G., Fischer E. H. Complete amino acid sequence of the catalytic subunit of bovine cardiac muscle cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Feb;78(2):848–851. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.2.848. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Snyder M. A., Bishop J. M., McGrath J. P., Levinson A. D. A mutation at the ATP-binding site of pp60v-src abolishes kinase activity, transformation, and tumorigenicity. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Jul;5(7):1772–1779. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.7.1772. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Sprague J., Condra J. H., Arnheiter H., Lazzarini R. A. Expression of a recombinant DNA gene coding for the vesicular stomatitis virus nucleocapsid protein. J Virol. 1983 Feb;45(2):773–781. doi: 10.1128/jvi.45.2.773-781.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Takio K., Wade R. D., Smith S. B., Krebs E. G., Walsh K. A., Titani K. Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate dependent protein kinase, a chimeric protein homologous with two separate protein families. Biochemistry. 1984 Aug 28;23(18):4207–4218. doi: 10.1021/bi00313a030. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Ullrich A., Bell J. R., Chen E. Y., Herrera R., Petruzzelli L. M., Dull T. J., Gray A., Coussens L., Liao Y. C., Tsubokawa M. Human insulin receptor and its relationship to the tyrosine kinase family of oncogenes. 1985 Feb 28-Mar 6Nature. 313(6005):756–761. doi: 10.1038/313756a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Ullrich A., Coussens L., Hayflick J. S., Dull T. J., Gray A., Tam A. W., Lee J., Yarden Y., Libermann T. A., Schlessinger J. Human epidermal growth factor receptor cDNA sequence and aberrant expression of the amplified gene in A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. 1984 May 31-Jun 6Nature. 309(5967):418–425. doi: 10.1038/309418a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Van Beveren C., Galleshaw J. A., Jonas V., Berns A. J., Doolittle R. F., Donoghue D. J., Verma I. M. Nucleotide sequence and formation of the transforming gene of a mouse sarcoma virus. Nature. 1981 Jan 22;289(5795):258–262. doi: 10.1038/289258a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Van Beveren C., van Straaten F., Galleshaw J. A., Verma I. M. Nucleotide sequence of the genome of a murine sarcoma virus. Cell. 1981 Nov;27(1 Pt 2):97–108. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90364-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Wallace R. B., Johnson M. J., Hirose T., Miyake T., Kawashima E. H., Itakura K. The use of synthetic oligonucleotides as hybridization probes. II. Hybridization of oligonucleotides of mixed sequence to rabbit beta-globin DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Feb 25;9(4):879–894. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.4.879. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Wood T. G., McGeady M. L., Blair D. G., Vande Woude G. F. Long terminal repeat enhancement of v-mos transforming activity: identification of essential regions. J Virol. 1983 Jun;46(3):726–736. doi: 10.1128/jvi.46.3.726-736.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Yamamoto T., Nishida T., Miyajima N., Kawai S., Ooi T., Toyoshima K. The erbB gene of avian erythroblastosis virus is a member of the src gene family. Cell. 1983 Nov;35(1):71–78. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90209-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Zoller M. J., Nelson N. C., Taylor S. S. Affinity labeling of cAMP-dependent protein kinase with p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine. Covalent modification of lysine 71. J Biol Chem. 1981 Nov 10;256(21):10837–10842. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES